| Name | Explanation | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| OBP | Opticheskij Bombardirivichnyj Pritsel , Optical Bomb Sight | |
| OELID | Otdel Eksperimentalno Letnyh Ispytanij i Dovodki , Section for Experiemntal Flight Tests and Final Tuning | |
| OFAB | High explosive / incendiary aiva bomb, Oskolochno-Fugasnaja Aviabomba | |
| OGPU | Osoboe Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie , Special Governmental Political Management, Political police, to became KGB | |
| OIIMF | Special Design Bureau, Osoboe Konstructorskoe Buro | |
| OKA | Early designation for aircraft by Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov; | OKA-33 |
| OKB | Odessa Engineering Institute of the Open-sea Fleet, Odesskij Institute Inzhenerov Morskogo Flota | |
| OKO | Special Design Section , Osobyj Konstructorskij Otdel | OKO-6 |
| OMOS | Department for experimental naval aircraft construction , Otdel Morskogo Opytnogo Samoliotostroenija | see OMOS page |
| OOS | Department for experimental aircraft construction , Otdel Opytnogo Samoliotostroenija | |
| OP | Optical Gunsight, Opticheskij Pritsel | |
| OPB | Single-seat dive bomber , Odnomestnyj Pikorujuschij Bombardirovschik | OPB-5 |
| OPB | Optical Gunsight version, Opticheskij Pritsel B? | |
| OPO | Experimental department, OPpytnij Otdel | |
| ORA | Special Reconnaissance Air Detachment, Osobyj Razvedovatelnyj Aviaotryad | |
| OSGA | Department for glisser and airsled construction, Otdel Stroitelstva Glisserov i Aerosanej | |
| OSGA | Department for glisser and airsled construction, Otdel Stroitelstva Glisserov i Aerosanej | |
| Osoaviakhim | The All-Union Voluntary Society for Support of the Air Force, ObscheSouznoe Obschestvo Aviatsii and Chimii | |
| OSK | Department for Special Constructions,
Otdel Spetsialnykh Konstruktsij |
|
| OSKBES | The Sectoral Special Design Bureau for Experimental Aircraft Construction,
Otraslevoe Spetsialnoe Konstruktorskoe Buro Experimentalnogo Samoletodtroenija |
see OSKBES MAI |
| OTB | Special Technical Bureau, Osoboe Tekhnicheskoe Buro. Very special because within NKVD system. | See OTB page |